哈
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
哈 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口人一口 (ROMR), four-corner 68061, composition ⿰口合)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3594
- Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 619, character 5
- Unihan data for U+54C8
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 龕 | *kʰuːm |
| 媕 | *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb |
| 頜 | *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb |
| 答 | *tkuːb |
| 畣 | *tkuːb |
| 荅 | *tkuːb |
| 嗒 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 褡 | *tuːb, *toːb |
| 撘 | *tuːb |
| 搭 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 榙 | *tkuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 佮 | *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb |
| 蛤 | *kuːb |
| 鴿 | *kuːb |
| 合 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 郃 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 匌 | *kuːb, *kʰuːb |
| 鉿 | *kuːb |
| 閤 | *kuːb |
| 鞈 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 韐 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 鮯 | *kuːb |
| 哈 | *ŋɡuːb |
| 姶 | *quːb, *quːb |
| 欱 | *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb |
| 盒 | *ɡuːb |
| 耠 | *ɡuːb |
| 詥 | *ɡuːb |
| 塔 | *tʰuːb |
| 鞳 | *tʰoːb |
| 劄 | *rtuːb |
| 跲 | *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob |
| 袷 | *kruːb, *ŋkob |
| 餄 | *kruːb |
| 恰 | *kʰruːb |
| 帢 | *kʰruːb |
| 洽 | *ɡruːb |
| 祫 | *ɡruːb |
| 珨 | *ɡruːb |
| 烚 | *ɡruːb |
| 歙 | *qʰjob, *qʰrub |
| 湁 | *tkʰub |
| 拾 | *ɡjub |
| 給 | *krub |
| 翕 | *qʰrub |
| 噏 | *qʰrub |
| 潝 | *qʰrub |
| 熻 | *qʰrub |
| 嬆 | *qʰrub |
| 翖 | *qʰrub |
| 闟 | *qʰrub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- ‡ (of fish) many; plenteous
- ‡ (of a fish's mouth) opening; moving
- † mouthful; sip
- 臾兒、易牙，淄、澠之水合者，嘗一哈水而甘苦知矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
- Yú'ér, Yìyá, Zī, Miǎn zhī shuǐ hé zhě, cháng yī hā shuǐ ér gān kǔ zhī yǐ. [Pinyin]
- After mixing the water from the Zi and Mian Rivers, Yu'er and Yiya can take a sip of the water and distinguish [the water's source] by sweetness and bitterness.
臾儿、易牙，淄、渑之水合者，尝一哈水而甘苦知矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 2[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter: ha
- exclamation of triumph, etc.: ha!
- (dialectal) Sentence-final particle softening the request.
- 這東西，對我們挺重要，拜託你快遞寄過來哈，郵資「到付」，謝謝謝謝！ [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2019 September 19, 刘毅, 别样的风景, in 《乌蒙新报》, page B04
- Zhè dōngxi, duì wǒmen tǐng zhòngyào, bàituō nǐ kuàidì jì guòlai hā, yóuzī “dàofù”, xièxie xièxie! [Pinyin]
- This thing is pretty important to us. Please send it over by courier, and we'll pay for it upon arrival. Thank you!
这东西，对我们挺重要，拜托你快递寄过来哈，邮资「到付」，谢谢谢谢！ [MSC, simp.]
- to breathe out
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink tea
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exhale hot air to keep oneself warm
- Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”).
- Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”).
Compounds[edit]
- 不哼不哈 (bùhēng-bùhā)
- 努爾哈赤／努尔哈赤 (Nǔ'ěrhāchì)
- 哈伯
- 哈佛 (Hāfó)
- 哈利發／哈利发
- 哈利路亞／哈利路亚 (hālìlùyà)
- 哈勃
- 哈哈 (hāhā)
- 哈哈兒／哈哈儿
- 哈哈大笑
- 哈哈笑 (hāhāxiào)
- 哈哈鏡／哈哈镜 (hāhājìng)
- 哈唏
- 哈喇子 (hālázi)
- 哈嗤
- 哈囉／哈啰 (hāluó)
- 哈士蟆
- 哈姆雷特
- 哈密 (Hāmì)
- 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
- 哈尼喀塔木 (Hāníkātǎmù)
- 哈尼族 (Hānízú)
- 哈拉
- 哈拉峻 (Hālājùn)
- 哈拉庫圖／哈拉库图
- 哈搭
- 哈日族 (hārìzú)
- 哈林式
- 哈欠 (hāqiàn)
- 哈氣／哈气 (hāqì)
- 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn)
- 哈瓦那市
- 哈草
- 哈薩克文／哈萨克文
- 哈薩克族／哈萨克族
- 哈薩克語／哈萨克语
- 哈辣
- 哈雷彗星 (Hāléi huìxīng)
- 哈雷迪 (hāléidí)
- 哼兒哈兒／哼儿哈儿
- 哼哈二將／哼哈二将
- 唏唏哈哈
- 啊哈 (āhā)
- 嘻嘻哈哈 (xīxīhāhā)
- 巴哈伊 (bāhāyī)
- 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ)
- 布特哈
- 忙哈哈
- 戈什哈
- 打哈哈
- 打哈欠 (dǎ hāqian)
- 打哈氣／打哈气
- 曼哈坦島／曼哈坦岛
- 梭哈 (suōhā)
- 母哈赤
- 笑哈哈 (xiàohāhā)
- 聽哈／听哈
- 背哈喇子
- 苦哈哈 (kǔhāhā)
- 蠻聲哈剌／蛮声哈剌
- 赤赤哈哈
- 那哈兒／那哈儿 (nàhār)
- 阿克塞哈薩克族自治縣／阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 (Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú Zìzhìxiàn)
- 阿拉哈格 (Ālāhāgé)
- 馬大哈／马大哈 (mǎdàhā)
- 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)
Etymology 3[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 唯 嗄 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
哈
- (Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say?
- 哈，啥物？ [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
- Hâⁿ, siáⁿ-mi̍h? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- Huh, what?
- (Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean?
- (Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what!
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes
Usage notes[edit]
- When the vowel phoneme is pronounced lengthily, it usually means that the speaker is expressing either their great displeasure, great surprise, great disregard, great level of difficulty in hearing, or unwillingness to listen.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 哈啊 (hâⁿ--ah)
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𨉣 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) to bend; to stoop
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 喝?”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- (Beijing Mandarin) to scold; to reprimand
Etymology 6[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 7[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
For Hui people, the surname is the initialism of several Arabic names, such as حَسَن (ḥasan).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
Etymology 8[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- Used in compounds.
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 9[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- Only used in 哈喇 (hāla).
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 10[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from 憨?”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 11[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
Etymology 12[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá).
Etymology 13[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- Only used in 哈巴 (hàba).
Etymology 14[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
Etymology 15[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- Used in place names.
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 16[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
哈 | |
|---|---|---|
Mostly likely Sinitic, but the exact etymon is disputed. Possible etyma include:
- Pause/topic/focus marker 呵, 啊 (Dede, 2007; Xu, 2015, 2021);
- Accusative/dative marker 行 attested in the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty (Du, 2005), which may come from the locative 上 (“on; above”) (Jiang, 1998); or
- Locative 下 (“below”) (Yang, 2014; Zhou, 2019).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
哈
- (Gansu and Qinghai Mandarin) Accusative/dative marker, placed after a preverbal object.
- 1980, 张成材, “西宁方言记略”, in 方言 [Fangyan], number 4, page 301:
- 2011, 王双成 [Wang Shuangcheng], “青海西宁方言的给予类双及物结构 [The Giving-type Ditransitive Constructions in Xining Dialect, Qinghai Province]”, in 方言 [Fangyan], number 1, page 14:
Etymology 17[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 歃). |
Etymology 18[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 𪘁. (This character is a variant form of 𪘁). |
References[edit]
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00577
- “哈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Embree, Bernard L.M. (1973) “hâⁿ”, in A Dictionary of Southern Min (overall work in Hokkien, English, and Mandarin), Hong Kong: Hong Kong Language Institute, page 76.
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “唯”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][2] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 510
- 東方孝義 (TŌHŌ Takayoshi) (1931) “☐”, in 臺日新辭書 [New Taiwanese–Japanese dictionary] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: 臺灣警察協會, page 692
- William Campbell (1913) “hâⁿ”, in A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 156.
- Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “hâⁿ”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 115; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 115
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
哈
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: か (ka); こう (kō)←こふ (kofu, historical); ごう (gō)←ごふ (gofu, historical); しょう (shō)←せふ (sefu, historical); とう (tō)←とふ (tofu, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka); こう (kō)←かふ (kafu, historical); ごう (gō)←がふ (gafu, historical); そう (sō)←さふ (safu, historical); とう (tō)←たふ (tafu, historical)
- Tō-on: は (ha)
- Kun: くう (kuu, 哈う); すする (susuru, 哈る); のむ (nomu, 哈む)
- Nanori: は (ha)
References[edit]
- “哈” in: 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
哈: Hán Nôm readings: cáp, hóp, hộp, ngáp, họp, hớp, ngớp
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Zhuang[edit]
Verb[edit]
哈
References[edit]
- 古壮字字典 (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN, page 238
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading せふ
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かふ
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading がふ
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