ấy
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Vietnamese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
See also[edit]
| Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
| PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
| REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
| PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
| MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
| Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
| D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
| +NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
| ±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
| –NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 | |||||||||||||||
| Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
| Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
| Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
| Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
| Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
| 1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). | |||||
Particle[edit]
ấy
- (chiefly Northern Vietnam) sentence-ending intensifying particle
- Synonym: đó
Pronoun[edit]
ấy