πολιός

See also: πόλιος and polios

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *poľľós, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-yós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”).

Cognate with Latin palleō (“I am pale, fade”), Proto-Slavic *polvъ (“pale, fallow”), Lithuanian pal̃vas, Proto-Germanic *falwaz (“pale, gray, fallow”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /po.li.ós/ → /po.liˈos/ → /po.liˈos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /po.li.ós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /po.liˈos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /po.liˈos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /po.liˈos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /po.liˈos/

Adjective

πολῐός • (poliós) m (feminine πολῐᾱ́, neuter πολῐόν); first/second declension
πολῐός • (poliós) m or f (neuter πολῐόν); second declension

1. grey, grizzled, grizzly
   1. (most frequently, of human hair) grey from age
   2. an old man’s or old woman’s
      1. (figuratively) hoary, venerable
2. bright, clear, serene

Declension

First and second declension of πολῐός; πολῐᾱ́; πολῐόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πολῐός poliós	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐαί poliaí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Genitive		πολῐοῦ polioû	πολῐᾶς poliâs	πολῐοῦ polioû		πολῐοῖν polioîn	πολῐαῖν poliaîn	πολῐοῖν polioîn		πολῐῶν poliôn	πολῐῶν poliôn	πολῐῶν poliôn
Dative		πολῐῷ poliôi	πολῐᾷ poliâi	πολῐῷ poliôi		πολῐοῖν polioîn	πολῐαῖν poliaîn	πολῐοῖν polioîn		πολῐοῖς polioîs	πολῐαῖς poliaîs	πολῐοῖς polioîs
Accusative		πολῐόν polión	πολῐᾱ́ν poliā́n	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐούς polioús	πολῐᾱ́ς poliā́s	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Vocative		πολῐέ polié	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐαί poliaí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		πολῐῶς poliôs				πολῐώτερος poliṓteros				πολῐώτᾰτος poliṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of πολῐός; πολῐόν (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πολῐός poliós	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Genitive		πολῐοῦ polioû	πολῐοῦ polioû		πολῐοῖν polioîn	πολῐοῖν polioîn		πολῐῶν poliôn	πολῐῶν poliôn
Dative		πολῐῷ poliôi	πολῐῷ poliôi		πολῐοῖν polioîn	πολῐοῖν polioîn		πολῐοῖς polioîs	πολῐοῖς polioîs
Accusative		πολῐόν polión	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐούς polioús	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Vocative		πολῐέ polié	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		πολῐῶς poliôs			πολῐώτερος poliṓteros			πολῐώτᾰτος poliṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of πολῐός; πολῐή; πολῐόν (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πολῐός poliós	πολῐή poliḗ	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐαί poliaí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Genitive		πολῐοῦ / πολῐοῖο / πολῐόο polioû / polioîo / polióo	πολῐῆς poliês	πολῐοῦ / πολῐοῖο / πολῐόο polioû / polioîo / polióo		πολῐοῖῐν polioîin	πολῐαῖν / πολῐαῖῐν / πολῐῇῐν poliaî(i)n / poliêiin	πολῐοῖῐν polioîin		πολῐῶν poliôn	πολῐᾱ́ων / πολῐέ͜ων / πολῐῶν poliā́ōn / polié͜ōn / poliôn	πολῐῶν poliôn
Dative		πολῐῷ poliôi	πολῐῇ poliêi	πολῐῷ poliôi		πολῐοῖῐν polioîin	πολῐαῖν / πολῐαῖῐν / πολῐῇῐν poliaî(i)n / poliêiin	πολῐοῖῐν polioîin		πολῐοῖσῐ / πολῐοῖσῐν / πολῐοῖς polioîsi(n) / polioîs	πολῐῇσῐ / πολῐῇσῐν / πολῐῇς / πολῐαῖς poliêisi(n) / poliêis / poliaîs	πολῐοῖσῐ / πολῐοῖσῐν / πολῐοῖς polioîsi(n) / polioîs
Accusative		πολῐόν polión	πολῐήν poliḗn	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐούς polioús	πολῐᾱ́ς poliā́s	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Vocative		πολῐέ polié	πολῐή poliḗ	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐᾱ́ poliā́	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐαί poliaí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		πολῐῶς poliôs				πολῐώτερος poliṓteros				πολῐώτᾰτος poliṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Second declension of πολῐός; πολῐόν (Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πολῐός poliós	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Genitive		πολῐοῦ / πολῐοῖο / πολῐόο polioû / polioîo / polióo	πολῐοῦ / πολῐοῖο / πολῐόο polioû / polioîo / polióo		πολῐοῖῐν polioîin	πολῐοῖῐν polioîin		πολῐῶν poliôn	πολῐῶν poliôn
Dative		πολῐῷ poliôi	πολῐῷ poliôi		πολῐοῖῐν polioîin	πολῐοῖῐν polioîin		πολῐοῖσῐ / πολῐοῖσῐν / πολῐοῖς polioîsi(n) / polioîs	πολῐοῖσῐ / πολῐοῖσῐν / πολῐοῖς polioîsi(n) / polioîs
Accusative		πολῐόν polión	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐούς polioús	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Vocative		πολῐέ polié	πολῐόν polión		πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐώ poliṓ		πολῐοί polioí	πολῐᾰ́ poliá
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		πολῐῶς poliôs			πολῐώτερος poliṓteros			πολῐώτᾰτος poliṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• German: Poliomyelitis
• Latin: poliocephalus

See also

Colors in Ancient Greek · χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmata) (layout · text)

λευκός (leukós)	γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos)	μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos)
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

Noun

πολῐός • (poliós) m (genitive πολῐοῦ); second declension

1. (Byzantine) a stone
   • MelitS 1178

Declension

Second declension of ὁ πολῐός; τοῦ πολῐοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πολῐός ho poliós	τὼ πολῐώ tṑ poliṓ	οἱ πολῐοί hoi polioí
Genitive	τοῦ πολῐοῦ toû polioû	τοῖν πολῐοῖν toîn polioîn	τῶν πολῐῶν tôn poliôn
Dative	τῷ πολῐῷ tôi poliôi	τοῖν πολῐοῖν toîn polioîn	τοῖς πολῐοῖς toîs polioîs
Accusative	τὸν πολῐόν tòn polión	τὼ πολῐώ tṑ poliṓ	τοὺς πολῐούς toùs polioús
Vocative	πολῐέ polié	πολῐώ poliṓ	πολῐοί polioí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• πολιός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

References

• “πολιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press